Tax-Residency Reality Checker
Go beyond the 183-day myth: model the treaty tie-breaker and see whether two countries could both claim you as a tax resident.
The tie-breaker order
- 1Permanent home available to you
- 2Centre of vital interests (family + economic ties)
- 3Habitual abode (where you actually spend time)
- 4Nationality, then competent-authority agreement
Likely treaty outcome
Note
On these answers, neither country clearly treats you as a tax resident this year.
Falling below every residency trigger is unusual for a full year and can leave you tax-resident nowhere on paper — which tax authorities scrutinise. Double-check each country's exact domestic test rather than relying on the 183-day shorthand.
Voymo gives general information to help you organise your move. It is not legal, tax, or immigration advice, always confirm with an official source or a qualified professional before you act.
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What this tool does
Move between two countries in the same year and you can quietly meet the residency test in both — most people assume the 183-day count settles it, but it doesn’t. This checker models the part that actually decides things: the treaty “tie-breaker” that double-tax agreements use when two countries both claim you. You answer where you have a permanent home, where your family and economic life sit, and how many days you spent in each, and it shows which country a treaty would most likely point to — or warns you when nothing breaks the tie and a real dual-residency risk remains.
How to use it
Fill in both countries: the calendar days you were present this year, plus three yes/no ties — a permanent home, your closest family, and your economic centre. The result names the likely treaty outcome and which tie-break step decided it. A calm green means a single clear claim; amber means both countries could claim you but the cascade still resolves it; red means the usual tie-breakers don’t separate them, which is the moment to bring in a cross-border adviser before you file anywhere.
The method behind it
We follow the structure of the OECD Model Tax Convention, the template behind most of the world’s bilateral tax treaties. First we apply a deliberately cautious domestic-residency proxy to each country — long presence, or a home combined with family and economic ties — so the tool flags more potential dual claims rather than fewer. When both countries claim you, we walk the Article 4(2) cascade in order: permanent home, centre of vital interests, habitual abode, then nationality. Real statutes and individual treaties vary in their exact wording, so treat every result as a prompt to investigate, not a determination — this is a planning aid, not tax advice.
Frequently asked questions
Doesn’t the 183-day rule decide where I’m tax resident? +
Not on its own. The 183-day test is just one common trigger in a country’s domestic law. Many people meet a residency test in two countries at once — through days, a permanent home, or family ties — and a tax treaty’s tie-breaker, not the day count, decides which country wins.
What is a treaty tie-breaker? +
When two treaty countries both treat you as resident, the treaty applies an ordered cascade to break the tie: first where you have a permanent home, then your centre of vital interests (family and economic ties), then your habitual abode, and finally your nationality. This tool walks the first three steps you can self-assess.
Can I really be tax resident in two countries at the same time? +
Under each country’s domestic law, yes — and that is precisely the dual-residency risk this tool flags. A treaty usually resolves it to one country for treaty purposes, but you may still have to file in both and formally claim relief. If the tie-breaker doesn’t separate them, you need a competent-authority procedure.
Is this tool tax advice? +
No. It is an educational model of how treaties are structured, to help you ask the right questions. Residency rules, treaty wording, and exceptions vary by country and by year. Confirm anything that affects a filing with a qualified cross-border tax adviser.
Does Voymo store my answers? +
No. The whole assessment runs in your browser. Your days and tie-break answers are never sent to a server or saved.
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Reviewed by: a cross-border tax advisor
Sources
Voymo gives general information to help you organise your move. It is not legal, tax, or immigration advice, always confirm with an official source or a qualified professional before you act.